Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Objective: To identify perceived barriers to physical activity among pregnant women attending the outpatient department (OPD) of the tertiary care center at PUMHS, Nawabshah.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PUMHS,Nawabshah from June to December 2023. Pregnant women aged 18–40 years were included. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity patterns were collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with frequencies and percentages calculated for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for continuous variables.

Results: Of 101 participants, 61.4% were aged 20–29 years and 62% had education up to matriculation. Most were multiparous (60%), housewives (56%), and residents of rural areas (67%). Over one-third (34.7%) were overweight, while 12.9% had obesity (BMI >30). Although 85% received advice regarding exercise from healthcare professionals, 82% reported reducing activity during pregnancy—mainly due to tiredness (39.6%) or fear of miscarriage (36.6%). Lack of time was cited by 20%. About 41% engaged in moderate physical activities, primarily walking less than 30 minutes daily. Psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, poor sleep, and gestational diabetes were more common among less active women.

Conclusion: Many pregnant women remain insufficiently active due to fatigue, fear, and time constraints. Health professionals should counsel women and families about the safety and benefits of regular physical activity to help prevent excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and psychological distress during pregnancy.